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When you have several networks connected to your computer, the operating system uses the IP addresses to sort the network datas and send it to the correct network. Private IPs should only be in the ranges specified here : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network |
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Windows
Getting the IP addresses list
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Go in Windows Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center, then click on Change Adapter settings (left)
Right click on the adapter that you have to configure and select Properties.
Select the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IP), then click on the Properties button.
Set it to "Use the following IP addresses", then enter the IP address. It must be in the same range as the network device(s) connected on it, for example : adapter IP is 172.16.0.10 and network device is 172.16.0.20
The Subnet mask is mandatory; Windows can set it automatically, simply click in the Subnet mask field.
You may need to also change the attached network device(s) IP address, consult their documentation for details.
The IP address 127.0.0.0 should NEVER be used.
Once configured, you need to restart the computer for the changes to apply.
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Select the adapter that needs to be configured, and click on the arrow next to Configure IPv4.
Select Manually in the drop down list, and enter the required IP address.
It must be in the same range as the network device(s) connected on it, for example : adapter IP is 172.16.0.10 and network device is 172.16.0.20.
The Subnet mask is mandatory; MacOS can set it automatically, simply click in the Subnet mask field.
You may need to also change the attached network device(s) IP address, consult their documentation for details.
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IP addresses recommendations
- The IP address 127.0.0.0 should NEVER be used. (dedicated to localhost, see references link for details).
- The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has directed the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to reserve the following IPv4 address ranges for private networks:
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 192.168.xxx.xxx is usually for home/simple network and routers.
10.0.xxx.xxx is usually for domain network and routers.
169.254.xxx.xxx is usually for direct connection between a computer and a network device, and /or if no DHCP server is present.
172.16.xxx.xxx is not a commonly used range of IP address, that is why it is recommended in this guide, to avoid conflict with other networks.
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References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost
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